Essay on The Donner Party Tragedy - 2584 Words

In the early 1900s, the United States had an increase of settlers leaving their hometowns to the west in the faith of being able to live in a more catholic freedom world, others also joined by the inspiration of Manifest Destiny, a thought in which the Americans thought that everything between the Atlantic and the Pacific ocean is theirs and should therefore settled by them. A group, that was on the way to the western U.S., for those reasons in 1846, had a tragic loss of 34 settlers due to many tragic events. This group was led by George Donner, which was elected the leader of this group on 19 July 1846, this group inherited his name, called the Donner Party. The Donner Party consisted of the families of George Donner, his brother Jacob†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, they also had to hurry because they still had to walk through three mountain passes, the Sierra Nevada to California, and had only time from Spring to Fall. One of the travelers had The Emigrants Guide to Oregon and California with them. Since different people meet and had to live with different characters, Tamsen Donner wrote: â€Å"We have of the best people in our company and some, too, that are not so good.† Since it was Spring, rain and storm were pretty common and stopped the group on the Big Blue River. For a few people it was already too much of what they can withstand and the first death was by Reeds grandma, the loss of her was tragically written down by Virginia Reed: â€Å"..We made a neat coffin, and buried her under a tree... We miss her very much.† So far, there were no other major difficulties for the travelers, it was a pretty smooth trip. Arriving to Fort Bridger about just a week behind schedule, there James Reed meets James Clyman, an old friend who thought that the Hastings shortcut is unpractical, the old way would be more safer, but Reed did not take the advice, he wanted to take the shortcut, probably by the thought that a shortcut in our li fe also gets us to our target faster. The Reeds and the Donors moved on, and received by June a message by Hasting which was urging them to get to Fort Bridger where he will be waiting for allShow MoreRelated Donner Party Tragedy Essay501 Words   |  3 PagesDonner Party Tragedy On a journey to a better life in California, the infamous Donner party, met sorrow at every turn. Before their journey began, they encountered a shortcut discovered by Hastings. Like any other normal person, they decided to take the easier route that unfortunately led to tragedy. There were many key elements leading to the misfortune of this group. From the beginning of their journey, the Donner party made mistakes. First of all, at the time of the party’s departure thereRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay example1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe wagon life on the trails west was not an easy task to lead. The wagon itself was very small that many pioneers often were forced to lighten their loads by leaving treasured possessions along the trail. The people often traveled in groups or parties. There were several trails to the west; the most famous ones are Santa Fe Trail, Oregon trail, as well as the National Road. On the Santa Fe Trail, people traveled in organized groups of up to hundred wagons. At night, they formed a square with theirRead MorePioneers that Travelled across the Great Plains1927 Words   |  8 PagesPioneers that travelled across the Great Plains would often run into trouble and suffer terrible deaths. The Donner Party was one of those parties; however, the story connected to the name is much more infamous than others. It is a story of suffering, betrayal, survival, and acts of necessity. Perhaps the most interesting fact about these acts is that they were performed by everyday farmers, traders, and businessmen. The reasons for these acts were, more than likely, out of the will to survive, butRead MoreLa Princesse de Cleves1272 Words   |  6 PagesDissertation Introduction La tragà ©die classique du 17à ¨me sià ¨cle a à ©tà © inspirà ©e de la tragà ©die grecque dont toutes les tragà ©dies avaient un point en commun, l image de l homme incapable de faire sa volontà ©, enchaà ®nà © par des forces puissantes. Le roman ‘La Princesse de Clà ¨ves , à ©crit par Madame de LaFayette, montre quelques caractà ©ristiques du genre tragique mà ªme si c est un roman romantique. Une tragà ©die classique a quatre particularità ©s. D abord, son à ©criture doit à ªtre en vers dans une

Taking a Look at Ancient Egypt - 1181 Words

Africa is located to the south of the Western Europe and it is a very large landmass. It is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea and on the east by the Red sea and the Indian Ocean and in the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Africa is known to have many diverse environments, which include arid areas, semi-arid, Tropical rainforests, Savanna, vast swamps and snowcapped mountains in the south of Africa. The first ever civilization in Africa was in Egypt along the river Nile. This civilization later spread to the other parts of Africa. The emergence of civilization in Africa provided a framework for most of developments in African history. There were different setups cultural and political aspects when civilization was emerging. The Egyptian civilization was the earliest and it was one of the catalysts in the development of civilization in other parts of Africa. The civilization began around 3000 BC. Its civilization is known to be one of the longest serving civilizations in the world’s history. Egypt is located in the Nile valley of northeast Africa. The life of Ancient Egypt was centered on the river Nile and the fertile land around it for the purpose of agriculture and commercial purposes. The river Nile provided them with the irrigation they needed and control the flow of the water so that the crops could grow in any weather condition of that area. The irrigation provided the Ancient Egypt with adequate food. The surplus crops were used for civilization and it wasShow MoreRelatedThe Balance Between Men And Women In Ancient Egypt1233 Words   |  5 Pagescentral values of ancient Egyptian civilization was maat - the concept of harmony and balance in all aspects of ones life. This ideal was the most important duty observed by the pharaoh who, as a mediator between the gods and the people, was supposed to be a role model for how one lived a balanced life.† This balance was seen in society as well as a balance between men and women. Women in Ancient Egypt were treated very well compared to women in other ancient worlds such as in Ancient Greek. Women inRead MoreComparing The Egyptians And The Mesopotamians Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthey both relied on agriculture and had many rulers as time went on. We start at Egypt In 3100 B.C and Mesopotamians at 5000 B.C (1). The Nile river was a key place for the start of the Ancient Egyptian empire. Egyptians themselves were located near lower Egypt closeby the Nile Delta. They then slowly moved up around upper egypt. With clear fertile and rich soil, agriculture was most efficient and made the Ancient Egyptians very rich. Mesopotamians also had their own rivers known as the Tigris andRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts751 Words   |  4 Pagesjob opportunity â€Å"Terrace Research Associate in Egyptian Art† in the Department of Art of the Ancient World, one of open staff positions in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer. As an applicant for the job opportunity in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston, I would be interested in the division, the Arts of Ancient Egypt collections I hold a Bachelor’s degree in Egyptology from Cairo University in Egypt, where I studied in its prestigious Department of Archeology. In the course of my four yearsRead MoreEgyptian Contributions And Greek Culture1678 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization is the basis of philosophy, science, and medicine that is often times solely credited to the Greeks. PURPOSE STATEMENT After thorough research and analysis the Nile Valley Contributions to Greek civilization are evident. THE BEGINNINGS Ancient Greece is regarded as the beginnings of advanced sciences and philosophies and the fundamentals of the western world. For years, Greek culture has been taught in schools and held in a high esteem. Egyptian sciences, while necessary, are not deemedRead MoreReligion Importance949 Words   |  4 PagesLet’s discuss the importance of religion in the ancient world. Religion has played a positive or negative role in our history for a very long time. People use religion to oppress others while others use it for good. There are different communities of believers that used their religious traditions to shape and transform themselves. Religion influences people to engage more with their morals, family, and more likely to volunteer for their community. Religion also creates a practice of communicationRead MoreEssay about Ramesses the Great1080 Words   |  5 PagesRamesses II, also known as Rameses and Ramses was the third Pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty in ancient Egypt and arguably the most powerful ruler Egypt has seen. He led his civilization from 1279-1213 B.C.E. With a seemingly everlasting reign of around sixty six to sixty seven years, Ramesses aided Egypt in the ways of expansion and growth of power. Being born into royalty and prosperity, Ramesses was able to influence the politics and growth of his country at a very young age. Shortly after hisRead MoreThe Invention Of The Internet Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal ancient artifacts across the world. This distribution is not always a bad thing but the sale of fake and looted artifacts can cause a decrease in the amount of confidence that a purchaser has in the item. While searching eBay for ancient Egyptian antiquities, one must be careful to weed out the genuine items from the rest. One artifacts that can be found on eBay is listed as a â€Å"rare Ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom serpentine stone shabti.† A shabti is a funerary figured used in Ancient EgyptRead MoreThe Process Of Making Flour Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagescollecting the ingredients like sugar, flour, milk, malt, salt and storing them in storage. Certain types of Lorries carry flour from which different types of bread are made of. Later on, it is put into containers that are found in a separate place taking the form of a tower. Other ingredients are left in the storage area (see Fig. 4). Special dough kneading machine that is provided with a powerful double screw is utilized in kneading process. While the ingredients are mixing together, the machineRead MoreIt Sometimes Can Be Very Hard When Trying To Understand1482 Words   |  6 Pages It sometimes can be very hard when trying to understand the roles and responsibilities an ancient Egyptian woman has, mainly because there is not much information about woman that is not biased. Luckily information can be found in tombs or through religious documentation. It is also worth noting that these writings did not include any emotion, however, this is typical for Egyptians anyways. In Egypt, people wrote only to keep a record of events, not to tell a story. Men who were wealthy and hadRead MoreIt Ain’T Yeezy. Rapper Turned Fashion Designer Kanye West’S1490 Words   |  6 Pagesof his clothing line. Though his fashion lines have many different styles his shoes have become very popular both male and female, shoes have been recreated by many companies and there are also do it yourself videos that teach women to achieve the look of Kanye’s women’s shoe designs. Kanye’s clothing is very expensive, and this is why so many people try to mimic the style of Kanye’s brand. The price of one shirt from Kanye’s line cost roughly a whopping $405, in 2015 a fan challenged West on prices

Changes In The Earths Environment Essay - 2133 Words

Changes in the Earths Environment The 20th century, especially in the second half, has been one of rapid change in the Earths environment. The impact of humans on the physical form and functioning of the Earth have reached levels that are global in character, and have done so at an increasingly mounting speed. 20 years ago the environment was seen as posing a threat to the future of humanity as death rates from natural hazards had increased dramatically since the turn of the century. The Earth though has always been plagued by natural disasters. Now, with the world population growing at a rapid rate more people are living in hazard prone areas. Events which may have gone unnoticed previously, only become hazards when there is†¦show more content†¦It is this growing world population, Burton et al (1978) suggest, that is the main reason behind why hazards are increasing and were seen to pose such a threat to humankind in the 70s. While the average number of disasters remained relatively constant at about 30 per year, death rates climbed significantly. As the growing world population requires the cultivation of land more prone to hazards, more people and property are thus exposed to the risk of disaster than ever before, and as Stow (1992) argues, the death toll inevitably rises. An example that shows the concern that humans faced from the environment can be exemplified by the Bangladesh cyclone of 1970, which killed approximately 250,000 people. Although part of the reason for so many deaths can be put down to a then poorly understood process, land-use can also be implicated. Because of a rising population, land in Bangladesh was reclaimed by the government and held against the sea. People in large numbers were then encouraged to occupy the area. An area which turned out to be one of great risk. Major disruption was inevitable Burton et al (1978) argue whenever population was in the path of such forces. Had reasonable measures been taken in advance of the storm, the material damage, loss of life and social dislocation could have been seriously reduced. In the 1990s we live in an information age. Today we have remarkable monitoring and predictive capabilities for natural hazards. The use of advancedShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Humans on the Environment Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Earth and the ecosystems we have today have been changed by many years of evolution. During the Earth’s life the world could not stay the same. It had to change and so did the creatures living with it. When the climate changes the creatures living there have to adapt to their new environment; luckily when the environment changes by natural cause it does so very slowly, in most cases, giving the animals time to find the best characteristics to survive. Scientists have studied the evolutionaryRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Causes And Effects On The Environment And The World s Oceans916 Words   |  4 Pagesclimate change? Do you think we create this problem in the twentieth-first century to damage our planet. This problem started at the begin ning of civilization and became worse during the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. Older generations generated more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. More carbon dioxide had a negative impact on the ecosystems of the planet. And the scientific definition of global climate represents changes in theRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On The Environment1452 Words   |  6 PagesIts Impact on the Environment There are numerous religions in society, and they all differ in some way. However, most religions believe that humans have dominion over the earth and what inhabits it. This is not necessarily a bad thing, but the majority of people who believe this misinterpret it as permission to treat the environment however they want. In order for the environment to improve, as well as quality of life; humans must make a commitment to be good stewards of the earth. Christianity hasRead MorePolitics And The Economy Are Usually The Main Reasons Behind1508 Words   |  7 PagesNations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden. The meeting focused on fortifying and setting rules to the actions of national governments and international organizations dealing with ecological issues. The conference agreed upon a Declaration containing 26 principles, 109 recommendations, and a resolution concerning the earth and its improvement (Stockholm Declaration). Another major United Nation conference is the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit. The Summit inspected theRead MoreClimate Change Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages Environmental Issues Everyone talks about climate change and how the Earth is slowly deteriorating, but no one seems to have specific examples. In Linnea Saukko’s â€Å"How to Poison the Earth,† she does use specific examples of what is causing climate change. She uses satire with a hint of sarcasm in her essay. She gives the reader specific examples of how to poison the Earth, but not really wanting to poison the Earth. Gretel Ehrlich writes her essay, â€Å"Chronicles of Ice,† a little differentlyRead MoreOur Solar System For Colonization1198 Words   |  5 Pagesfor colonization, and Mars is the most capable of supporting this human settlement. The environment of both planets play a critical role in both the sustainability of Earth and the possible colonization of Mars. The Earth is billions of years old, but the span of advanced and industrial human civilization has destroyed the Earth more than during any other geological time. Resources are draining and the environment cannot withstand the current degradation, and one article explains, â€Å"Carbon dioxide levels†¦areRead MoreEssay about A Detailed Look Into quot;Is Humanity Suicidal?quot;1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Earth is going to expire by the year 2050, or the worlds a ticking time bomb are just two of the many statements people hear everyday about the end of the world. Christians believe that only God knows the true date in which the world will cease and He will burn the world to ashes. On the other hand, another large group of people believe the world will soon end if humans do not change their way of life. A small percentage of those same people have faith in the fact that one day humansRead MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of Global Warming on Our World1498 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess of Earth. Some causes and effects of global warming are easy to understand, with substantial evidence, yet there are still unanswered questions and reasoning as to why global warming is occurring. This essay is to outline the background of global warming and to display opposing viewpoints. Since there is not enough evidential research to connect global warming with natural factors, human activity, and its impacts, we might take advantage of its beneficial gain to our environment, economicRead MoreGlobal Warming Is An Important Problem944 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected right now, but for a long time, it will take your life away. Why don’t we should do something to save the earth as save our life? One person can do nothing but a group of people can make different and change the world. We can do the small things from home, but it also helps us save the earth. Firstly, I think we should create an organization to called â€Å" SOE (Save Our Earth). Then, we really the cooperation of everybody, we will make a poster and flyer to propaganda every one knew aboutRead MoreBecoming Eco Literate And Its Effect On Our Society1620 Words   |  7 PagesEcologising education is at the forefront of education departments not only in regards to the earth but also the learning it can develop for the children. Not only is sustainability allowing our earth to regenerate but it gives children the opportunity to learn about their own consumption. Becoming eco literate has many values including active community participation, critical thinking and collaboration skills. These skills are sought after in society today, but with anything comes the challenges

Use of Metaphor, Symbols and Symbolism in The Great...

Use of Metaphor and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Some novels have more of an impact in modern society than when they were originally written. This is especially true with Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Modern society can be termed corrupt, complete with tainted morals and an overemphasis on the acquisition of money and friends. Fitzgerald seeks the root of the problem and wants the reader to ponder whether he or she wants money and social status or fulfillment and truth. In his quest to enlighten the reader, Fitzgerald utilizes metaphor and symbols to clarify his message. The author wants to show what happens when the American dream (the pursuit of happiness) becomes warped into the American nightmare (the pursuit of money).†¦show more content†¦Contrary to the message of hope and opportunity conveyed by the color green is the valley of ashes. The valley of ashes represents the byproduct of a nation obsessed with money. It is filled with the gray industrial ashes of the factories that helped to catapult dreamers to the top of the world. It also symbolizes the lower class. The people living in the towns nearby are described as gray and solemn. They are washed up because they were unable to accomplish their goals and fulfill the American dream. Wilson, for example, is described as someone with an ashen, dust veiled suit and pale hair. The ash heap is described as a place where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills. As those ashes pile up, they bury the hopes of people seeking the American dream. The towns of East and West Egg are also symbolic. The people of East Egg represent those who already have wealth from inheritance. The people of West Egg represent those people who have gained their wealth through hard work and business. Gatsby has lots of money but he will always be subtly incompatible with the affluent society of East Egg. East Egg also represents old money and the east coast, whereas West Egg represents new money and the west coast. Throughout the novel, characters openly rebuke the west. For example, early in the novel Nick says, Oh, Ill stay in the East, dont you worry. The weather is anotherShow MoreRelated Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Great Gatsby       Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby has more relevance in today’s society than it did when it was written. With the recent societal trend that emphasizes lack of morals and material wealth over a meaningful existence, Fitzgerald’s message really hits home. Which is more important - money or love? Social status or being true to oneself? Fitzgerald uses metaphor and symbols to great effect in order to illustrate what can happen when the pursuit of happinessRead MoreLiterary Features in The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye1158 Words   |  5 Pages Symbolism is used in different ways in both the novels, ‘The Great Gatsby’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ and I have explored the ways in which two different authors have used this literary feature to enhance meaning behind their novels. Fitzgerald uses colour imagery throughout ‘The Great Gatsby’, especially using the colour white which cleverly changes meaning as the story progresses. When the reader is first introduced to both Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker, they are first described as beingRead More Symbols, Symbolism, and Metaphor in The Great Gatsby Essay796 Words   |  4 Pages Metaphors and Symbolisms in The Great Gatsby nbsp; In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many different metaphors and symbolisms to express his point.nbsp; In this essay the point that I wish to make is how Fitzgerald uses colors to develop image, feelings, and scenery depiction to let the reader feel the emotions and other aspects being portrayed in that particular part in the book.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Like every other essay one must address the major pointsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Symbolism Analysis759 Words   |  4 Pages Fizgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby tells the story of Gatsby’s romance, tragedy and dramatic life, reflecting the glamor of the glitz and the loss of the Jazz era. In the novel, the author makes extensive use of symbolic techniques to express his profound thoughts and themes. The extensive use of symbolism not only enriches the connotation of the article but also reveals the theme in more depth and embodies the author’s mature artistic creation skills. The green light from the East Egg, whichRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Harlem By Langston Hughes1089 Words   |  5 Pagesframe. Some examples of these works include The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes. Both of these pieces of literature include literary elements to appeal to the reader’s senses and imagination. A prevalent theme that has been found in works of the roaring 20’s is the wealth that someone may or may not achieve. Literary elements such as figurative language, irony, and symbolism are profound in both The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Harlem†, adding depth to both literature worksRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1531 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic piece of literature, representative of life in America during the early 20th century. In particular, however, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel represents the overall failure of the American Dream in an era seemingly known for its economic prosperity. His main argument is that in the end, the American Dream will always be known as a failure; unattainable to almost all who seek it. Fitzgerald argues that the ideals of the American Dream at the time of the so-calledRead MoreThe Colored Tragedies And Endings1558 Words   |  7 PagesNatalia Spritzer Great Gatsby Essay Responding to Literature Final Draft The colored tragedies and endings The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most recognized American novels. The love-story relates and molds itself into the prominent era of Prohibition, and bases itself off the drunken and impetus glory of the American culture. Fitzgerald’s writing plays with the complex and intricate meaning; his magnificent descriptions, metaphors, and character development beam through theRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1725 Words   |  7 Pages Chapter Four 1.Fitzgerald’s use of names further the motif of geography by using them as symbolism to represent some of the aspects in the American society at the time of the 1920s. East Egg symbolizes those from the old days, the West Egg represent those who have or are seeking financial opportunity and are known as â€Å"new money†. the valley of ashes represents the moral, social decay, and financial chaos of the American society at this time. 2.The symbol that Fitzgerald used as the outward manifestationRead MoreIdealised love hope and mortality in The Great Gatsby and Sonnets from the Portuguese5394 Words   |  22 PagesElizabeth Barret-Brownings Sonnets from the Portuguese and F. Scott. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby both reflect, in abstract style and varying contexts and elements, the experience of idealised love, hope and mortality. The elements employed by Barret-Browning and Fitzgerald, differ in their depictions of these themes through various literary devices, two of which are points of view and motifs/symbols. Barret-Brownings sonnet sequence illustrates a complex evolution of emotions as the poetRead MoreThe Placement Of Foreshadowing In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1167 Words   |  5 Pages Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, many literary devices can be noticed, but the idea of foreshadowing particularly raises attention. Foreshadowing can be defined as a warning or indication of a possible future e vent. In The Great Gatsby, this literary device can be seen throughout the novel as a hint leading to events that would later occur. Foreshadowing in this novel has been presented in various cases that would result in a good or bad outcome. In The Great Gatsby, phenomenal moments of foreshadowing

August and December Free Essays

The time allocated for teaching and learning is a factor influencing pupils’ academic performance. There are three school terms every year with holidays in between in the months of April, August and December. Research has shown that majority of schools start learning after the first week of the school term. We will write a custom essay sample on August and December or any similar topic only for you Order Now This indicates that there is a lot of time wastage before learning begins. Besides,most schools loose many teaching/ learning hours at the beginning of the term. This wastage leads to less work being covered and syllabus not being completed on time hence contributing to poor performance in KCPE examinations. b. Adequacy of Learning Resources: The adequacy and use of teaching and learning materials affects the effectiveness of a teacher’s lesson. Teaching and learning esources enhances understanding of abstract ideas and improves performance. Adequate learning resources like text books,improvised weather instruments,relevant child friendly library books, wall maps and the exercise books are of paramount importance. This makes learning easier of subjects like Social Studies very abstract to the pupils. Further still,it has been proven that school facilities have a direct effect on teaching and learning. Text books enable the pupils to follow the teacher’s sequence of presentation and aids in understanding of lessons. . School Administration :The quality of school administration plays a vital role in academic performance as it is concerned with pupils, teachers, rules, regulations and policies that govern the school system. In analyzing the efficiency of school administration, the following aspects ought to be considered: Frequency of staff meetings Frequency of checking teachers’ schemes of work and lesson plans Adequacy of teachers’ prior preparation Frequency of class observation by the head teacher. Few staff meetings may lead to less co-ordination of curriculum implementation. This an lead to less monitoring and reporting of the progress of the schools activities to the teachers . Frequency of Checking Teachers’ Schemes of work: The responsibility of checking the professional documents like teachers’ schemes of work and lesson plans lies in the hands of the head teacher. This may be done in person or he may delegate to the deputy head teacher or the senior teacher. Preparation and use of schemes of work by the teachers enhances sequential teaching and results to improved achievement. Checking of teachers schemes of work should be done frequently to allow the head teacher monitor curriculum implementation. Frequency ot Checking the Teachers’ Lessons Plans :Teacners’ lesson plan is a protessional document prepared by teachers for the purpose of presentation of a lesson. The teacher indicates whether the lesson has been taught and objectives achieved; if the lesson is not taught, then the teacher indicates the reason why and when he intends to cover it; if the lesson objectives are not achieved, the teacher plans for remedial lesson in order to make the concept understood by the pupils. Head teachers should monitor lesson plan preparation frequently; otherwise it may lead to poor erformance. Adequacy of Teachers’ Prior Preparation: Adequate prior preparation before a teacher goes to class leads to good performance by the pupils. This promotes sequential presentation of concepts by the teacher to the learners. Always, prior preparation by the teachers leads to systematic delivery of concepts to pupils and enhances performance. Observation of Classes by Head teachers: One of the roles of the head teacher is to carry out internal supervision of curriculum implementation in his/her school. This involves physical observation of teachers’ lessons in progress. One of the head teachers’ roles is regular class supervision in order to promote curriculum goals. Failure to do so may lead to poor performance. 2. Teacher-Based Factors These are the factors within the teachers that could hinder or promote academic performance of pupils in their schools. The following are some of the aspects of teacher based factors: Teachers’ commitment Teachers’ frequency of absenteeism Teachers’ motivation Teachers’ work load. Teachers’ Commitment Level: Good performance is as a result of high commitment levels by the teachers. Studies shows that teachers who lack enthusiasm are unable o teach effectively, making pupils not to learn well. Frequency of Absenteeism among Teachers: When teachers absent themselves from school frequently, pupils go unattended and do not do well in examinations. Absenteeism by teachers reduces the amount of instructional time and this result in the syllabus not being completed. This in return results to lower output of work by the pupils. Teachers’ Motivation:A World Bank Report (1986) acknowledges that teacher satisfaction is generally related to achievement as satisfied teachers would concentrate hence enhancing academic performance of their pupils. Teacher Turn-over Rate:lf the teacher turn-over rate is high then it can contribute to poor performance in examinations. According to Schneider (2003) high teacher turn over forces schools to devote attention, time and financial resources attracting replacement of teachers. Teachers’ Workload: This is the number of lessons teachers take per week. If teachers are not overloaded their output in terms performance should be good. 3. PUPlLS BASED FACTORS These are the factors within the pupils that could enhance or hinder their academic performance. The following are some aspects under pupil-based factors: 1. Pupils’ language use 2. Pupils’ rate of absenteeism 3. Pupils’ lateness to school. Pupils’ Language Use: Pupils who interact using English language tend to understand it better and do well in examinations as all examinations apart from Swahili are written in English language. It is equally true that leaner who also interact well using Swahili language will pass the Swahili exam. Therefore,both languages must be encouraged in equal measure by the teachers,parents and the larger community. Pupils’ Frequency of Absenteeism: These is the aspect of how frequent pupils absent themselves from school. When pupils absent themselves from school, they tend to lose many concepts and definitely may not do well in exams. The effect of absenteeism and irregular school attendance is that materials taught are difficult to understand when studied on one’s own. Continued loss of classes results to loss of content and knowledge. Class assignments,exercises,homework and holiday homework would not be properly and correctly done leading to poor performance. 4. Community-Based Factors Community based factors are factors within the community that impede or enhance pupils’ academic performance. In analyzing the community based factors, the following aspects can be looked into: a) Parents’ Consultation with Teachers:Good performance is realized when parents work in consultation with the teachers in order to understand their children better. Studies shows that most often parents do not consult teachers and that most parents were not so much concerned about education of the children. Bogus (2004) indicated that parents’ interaction with teachers enables them to know what their children are encountering in school and what could be done to deal with the problems. It would also put pupils on alert and tudy in school as they would know that their parents would inquire about their performance. 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Exchange Rates Quantitative Financial Economics

Question: Discuss about the Exchange Rates for Quantitative Financial Economics. Answer: Introduction Many businesses especially those involved in international trade like Toyota Motors are exposed to various foreign exchange risks.A risk means the possibility of occurrence of an event, as well as the consequences derived. There are three different methods that weill be covered in this paper on how Toyota Motors mitigates itself against foreign exchange risk. Risk coverage entails a set of strategies that can be implemented to minimize failure and uncertainty in the face of a threat (Foreign currency exchange, 2009). Foreign Exchange risk: this risk, also called the exchange rate, comes from changes in the currency exchange rates.It happens when the consumer places part of his assets in a foreign currency (either in currency or in a financial instrument with a currency denomination). Forward contracts Toyota motors in Japan uses the forward contracts the forward currency situation is unique, you can make a forward contract to purchase or dispose a particular currency. Toyota has an agreement to buy US dollars when it is on a low values and sell Japanese Yen the counterpart at a date in future at the Current exchange rate. That is the car producing company will buy and sell currencies during a time when it is deemed profitable to the company in future. As the rate of exchange between the US dollar and the Japanese Yen changes between the contract date and the settlement date, one party loses and the other wins relatively, one of the currency will have appreciated against the other and Toyota Motors will emerge the winner by mitigating itself against Forex losses (Cuthbertson, Nitzsche, 2010). Forward contracts entered by Toyota Motors reduce vulnerability to currency risk, but they can also be made by need of the currency at a date in future (for example to pay a debt which is in a certain currency) or purely for speculative purposes expecting the exchange rate to favorably fluctuate to produce a gain at the close of the contract. Currency swap A currency swap is the simultaneous sale and purchase of one currency by another. In theory, at a later date these operations will be reversed. Toyota Motors buys and sells a currency in which at a future date the operations will be reversed.to mitigate against currency exchange losses.The first is done at a price, and the second, to another, but to the future and are agreed at the same time, as they are intended to compensate each other (DeRosa, 2013). Toyota Motors together with the other party must assume its obligation of repayment as a guarantee of the agreement, alos, they may devise this strategy as a secured and risk-free loan. They often resort to them entities to help finance their money balances and investors to cover their positions. Lead or lag strategy Lead and lag is yet another strategy that is used by Toyota to mitigate foreign exchange risks. This is done when the company decides to alter receipts or normal payment in a transaction that involves foreign exchange currencies (Rheinla?nder, Sexton, 2011). This is as a result of changes expected in exchange rates. When there is an expected increase in foreign exchange it is likely that the company will speed up payments. On the other hand, an expected exchange rates decrease the company will slow down transactions. References Cuthbertson, K., Nitzsche, D. (2010). Quantitative financial economics (1st ed.). Chichester [u.a.]: Wiley. DeRosa, D. (2013). Options on foreign exchange (1st ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Foreign currency exchange. (2009) (1st ed.). [Mosman]. Rheinla?nder, T., Sexton, J. (2011). Hedging derivatives (1st ed.). New Jersey: World Scientific.

Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation. Answer: Introduction This study offers the information about forensics tools of mobile device. The procurement, the examination, the preservation and the reporting, and examination of cellular device digital evidence. This data is related to enforcement of law and other kind of prosecution. This case study mainly concentrates on the features of mobile devices which includes smartphones, mobile phones and tablet etc. This study focus to address the common field which is investigated by security employee of organization and law prosecution investigators including electronic digital information residing on cellular phone and connected electronic media. This will engaged to accomplish available instruction and inquire intensely to problem relevant to cellular phones with respected analysis and examination. Techniques and process exist in this study are the combination of best system along with the discipline where reference got from available forensic rule. Its main function is to advise editor of the differ ent knowledge associated with possible ways to access it from aspects of forensic. Investigation style are practice the examination group can employ, which need no forensic tools of hardware and software. The common predominant practice are as follows: Assure with mobile admin if a mobile is secured with authentication mechanism such as PIN, password, or other authentication techniques including authentication of information, the admin may be inquire about this data during an investigation process. Analysis captured material Password may be revealed by written in a slip and put near the mobile, at a desktop system need to synchronize wit cellular device or with the admin and it will found via visual examination (Hoog, 2011). Enclosed with substance of UICC and a cellular device is attached as PUK (PIN unlocking Key) which helps to reset PIN. The vulnerabilities exist in device may exploited like smudge attacks. This type of attacks includes very careful research of the external phase on touch screen phones to identify the usage of current gesture lock. If a GSM cellular phones is secured with UICC PIN, analyzer therefore the ICCID will acquire from it and need to inquire the PUK from the service launcher and reset the password. Some of the service provider promotes capability to extract the PUK by accessing the amount of cellular phones where the particular subscriber data to universal web sites build for this type of principle. In future, the data acquired by approaching device manufacturer. Cellular phone users do prefer poor pin to protect their device in the form of 1-1-1-1, 0-0- 0-0 or 1-2-3-4. This format is not fully prescribed try to unlock a device applying those compounds for various threat determinant. This might leads to constant loss of mobile memory, permit advanced security techniques for example PUK or PIN and initiating destructive operation. Before applying the attempts to unlocking a cellular phones, it is suggested to consider the time of attempts left over. Instance has to be considered where an analyzer may pr efer to take this risk. This is the only solution for information extraction. In nature, Digital evidence is very delicate and it may be changed, broken, or destroyed by incorrect management or analysis. Examination is best management of an imitation of the original evidence. The original evidence must be seized by a way which secure and preserves the evidence integrity. The main aim of the examination or analysis process is to refine and examine digital evidence. The extraction defines to the rehabilitation of information from its media. Analysis defines to the perception of collected data and storing it into a logical and needful plan. Deal and examination must be documented throughout the process of forensic evidence management. This will terminate with the development of a written statement of the recommendation. The key principle of mobile forensic apply when determining digital evidence. Various kind of media need various examination model. Individual processing an analysis of digital evidence must be practiced for this scope (Peterson Shenoi, 2012). When executing evidence analysis, consider the following stage: Develop active directories on independent media to which evidence document and information can be found and refined. There is a two-various kind of extraction such as physical extraction and logical extraction. The physical extraction level discovers and restore the information over the physical drive without concern of file system. The logical extraction level discovers and restores resources and information which is depend on the installed OS (operating system), applications and file system. During the level of physical extraction, the resource from the drive appears at the physical stage unconcerned of file system exist on the drive. This may consider following techniques: searching keyword, document carving and refinement of the partition table and new space on physical drive. Keyword search performance in the physical drive is needful to permit the examiner to refine the information which does not assumed for by the file system or OS. File carving functionality of physical drive may help to recover and extracting needful file and resource which does not assumed for by the file system or OS. Analyzing the structure of partition can discover the file system exist and examine if the whole physical size of hard disk is considered for. During the level of logical extraction from drive is depends on the file system exist on the drive and it invokes resources from such fields as operating file, deleted data, slack file and unallocated memory files. Stage may include the followings. File system data extraction is to disclose the feature such as structure of directory, resource attributes, name of the file, date and time of the file, location and size of the file. Data elimination is the process of discovering and neglecting file through the correlation of estimated hash values to authenticated values. Restoration of deleted files Separation of encrypted, password secured and compressed resource file management. Separation of file slack Separation of unallocated memory. Analysis of extracted data Analysis is the sequence of read the refined information to examine the importance for the case. The example analysis is performed by timeframe, application and file, data hiding and ownership possession. Analysis may need an inspection of the device request, searching and finding legal authority for digital evidence, investigate analytical leads. Timeframe analysis is very needful for examining the events placed on a system. Two kind if methods can be utilized are Checking the data and time stamps exist in the metadata of file system for example last modified, current accessed or created to connect the file of interest for the timeframes related to the inspection. Checking the exist computer system and application logs. These consist with failure logs, installation logs, security logs, connection logs, etc. Data hiding analysis Data will be covered with a system. The examination of data hiding is needful in discovering and recovering data and indicate information, intent. Techniques involved: Combining the resource headers to the respective extension of the file to discover mismatches Achieving the connection to all password secured, encrypted file and compressed zip file to indicate the attempt to cover the resource form unauthorized users. Steganography Achieving access to HPA (host-protected area). The existence of user-discovered information with HPA may reveal try to cover data. Application and file analysis Enormous file and programs discovered which consist data related to the examination and offer awareness about the system ability and the user information (Tahiri, 2016). Outcome of the analysis reveal advance steps that require to be considered in the separation and examination processes. Some example is considered: Checking the name of the file for patterns and applicability. Analyzing the content of the file Discovering the number and kind of OS Relating the resources to the already installed application. Study relationship between the resources or files for example comparing history in the internet to cache file and mail file for email attachments. Discovering unknown resources types to evaluate their profit to the examination. Analyzing the default storage location of the users for application and structure of the file drive to analyses if the resource has been collected in their alternative or default location. Analyzing user-configuration settings of application. Intelligence of Digital Forensic There is some kind of terminology integrated to posit an explanation of digital intelligence which includes knowledge having the law prosecution and other departments of investigation and this will combine via forensic examination and operation of digital storage. Intelligence of Digital forensic will worn from the activities of intelligence and through the regular inspection where the intelligence restore in databases. However, more number of examples associated with intelligence database along with this kind of forensic domain for the object of UK NDNAD (National DNA Database), IDENT1 which is known as National Fingerprint database of UK and the IAFIS called as USA Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification system. The following databases are represents the comparison between evidence and intelligence. It does not having evidence but it will share effective solution for digital crimes that has not reveal at the certain period that similar access were combine with the database. Forensic Tool Capabilities Forensic tools are used to manage the conventional investigation of cases requires by dispatch a vast number of applicable devices (Peterson Shenoi, 2014). Complex situation such as recovery of erased information from the memory of a device will need more advanced tools and knowledge for the devices. The support extent is offered including cellular devices cables and driver, pc readers, documentation of the products may differs considerably among goods. The features provided such as bookmarking, searching and reporting ability may alter significantly. Tools must be validated to make sure with acceptability and re-practice when updates or new version of the tool is exist. Validating a tool require discovering a data set where the following procedures of acquisition to recollect the test data as well as assessing the outcomes. The significant features of forensic tools having the capability to control the integrity of original data being accessed and extracted data. Here some of the m obile device tools used for digital investigation. Oxygen Forensic Suite discovering the inspection with Oxygen forensic suit discover the main expensive data such as IMSI, ICCID, IMEI in such cellular device that has been used in crime scenario. Figure. 1 represents the data that will assist the examiner to discover the primary evidence which is needed. This kind of case includes WhatsApp fraudulent. Therefore, data of WhatsApp text is discover. The Oxygen Forensic Suite tool is utilized in practice of a freeware where there is some constraint on the quantity of data which will be extracted. Utilizing UDED tool in forensic analysis is not the end. Most of the forensic professionals suggesting more number of tools for the purpose of separate detailed evidences which can be produced in the court. The smartphones were approved by using UFEFD physical analyzer cellebrite broaden the search gap of evidence. Information in the smartphone was separated by the software (Widup, 2014). The software separated the analytical data which can assist the forensic examination such as message history and call logs. The Artefact represents the installation of whatsapp in smartphone are represented in Fig. 2. Conclusion Procedure for achieving forensic analysis must be organized with proper guidelines especially for managing evidence. At first, considering the issues of mobile application like whatsapp, the examination of the suspected device must achieve using mobile forensic software tool such as oxygen forensic suite and UFED physical cellebrite tools within a controlled surrounding while secure that evidential and evidence stability is managed. Examination of extracted data from testing tools along with logs from ISP must be correlate and determined and discovering reported. The devices with IMEI, IMSI and ICCID number as well as SIM card will be related with significant logs. This study offers the information about mobile forensics tools. The acquisition, the examination, the preservation and reporting, and analysis of cellular device digital evidence. This study focuses to address the common field which is investigated by security employee of organization and law prosecution investigators are discussed. References Gladyshev, P., Rogers, M. (2012).Digital forensics and cyber crime. Berlin: Springer. Hoog, A. (2011).Android forensics. Waltham, MA: Syngress. Peterson, G., Shenoi, S. (2012).Advances in digital forensics VIII. Heidelberg: Springer. Peterson, G., Shenoi, S. (2014).Advances in Digital Forensics X. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tahiri, S. (2016).Mastering Mobile Forensics. Packt Publishing. Widup, S. (2014).Computer forensics and digital investigation with EnCase Forensic v7. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.